Immersion hammock



Sept. 6s w49. J. v. DAVIS I IMMERSION HAMMOCK F'lled Feb Sept. 69 i949.,

Filed Feb. 20, 1948 J. V. DAVIS IMMERS 10N HAMMOCK EASE ,400

4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENToR. ,.lowvl.v K mws.

ATTGRNEM ZASl A00 Sept. 6, E949. J. v. :JAWS

IMMERSION HAMMOCK Filed Feb. 20 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. JOHN MDA W5.

ATTORNEY- Sept .6, 1949. J. v. DAvls 2,481,400

IMMERS I ON HAMMOCK 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Feb. 20, 1948 'A IN VEN TOR.JoHN vf oA ws.

M7/hyd. Arron/ven tr-eat ent, Aand herding ',tfo the e' sistaneetoflabrafsi'on ag terials havingtlie .,below.

Patented Sept. 6, 1949 tion of Delaware" i4Udyli Corporation, Detroit,

John V. Davis, Detroit, Mich., assigner to val The presentinventionpertains to, a novel .hammook lfor' art'mles u lioidor vapor A.alsoftolanapparatus' embodying thethamrnoo Xamplesoffsue,treatments arecleaning,l cl'iipiig;"'"r'irsing,v el'nzctaffjLolatiioggv anddegreasing. `.Ofl'eofthe,obieots ofv r'theinvention is to providel anon-fine oetacl forv fworli'in Ya plating or oth'ei i'"gas "and onetlfat .is devoidlrof tleus'ualf na'lole features of ConysanderadleslSuch'd'rums *and .iadles I n lated,re'qu'ir,y s y ./d'rbefaringfs thatare immerSedi'n the ls utlionorfat yleast exposed to it. Consequentlythefne l'paits as Wellas lthe receptale `itself"lare s "t to corrosionand to deposition ,of im talY on .ordissolution;l ac'- h t 1C @geheel'of thefmetal.

Ther obeetionstare ove' ",om'e inthe presentin- ,vent'ion bytlieu'se oft hx'afninpok'las the plating reoeptacle. The hammofcli isfinerely fanvAapertured sheet :of ",plalfnt and `che'niieally resistant materialfoldedfintp-uprl lit "Uform, 'Witliftlie ends of the," en iberoreierably: closed by pieces of similar xnateriall` Theihaiinockis'suspended from horizontalsupports,.ariavthe'laner are oseillatedsubstantiall A`viel''rt'i'alfly '.and'fppositely" to each other.Thusgtloexsidesof the hammock move vertically relaltllfely to',eac,hother while the bottom. remains a 'asubstantially fonstantflevel.Thistrnotion. ye thesides ofythe hannnook tornb against the ijece's';maintainil'gjfgld .Contact 'among the esand between the pieees ,and theinseitedua vvoder*gon'tactsi vBe,eauseff this aeton, tlo,e sli shouldalso have "goed re- Y t the .'wfoifk. `The ma- Inasniuch Tasthematerials ynow Aavailable have vSomeelasticity,'nielstreetismeizeeLmthe' 'outside 'by a Screener apertie'd menbei lWhich is inelastic andresisltanttotlie plating solutions; lMaterials .forl this A arealso'desor'oed ini'nore 'Ldetall Lb'elow. The mechanism for actuatingthe vhammockat A its upper edg'fesjs relatively simple. Moreover, vit,is. positioned fat the.tobfandeXteriorlv of the platingtankmiereit agout(offenem-et' with, the solution'. '1n ot'ter,k ds thereA arericilrruetal parts below the: soligtion (levell, ege'ept`fthe eathod"eont Ove-tty ,efte@ ,esssribee t weight in @keine to performed :lite

ein@ .endvlew v vennen;

eff el? ,apparatus eme-wifehe @www in F'eure 5 is a nersnestveyiew ofv,the ,plating h ammeqk;

L ,ure 61Saereastseetioxlgthereef @inthe line `rfi-:5 o f Eigene :55'

Figure Us a sietaiLSeQtQn-.on the .line 1-1 of Biennali;

Figulekafisan rend viewzoa modified vform of apparatus, Land Figure@isv'a plan viewrof; the modification.

Referene'lt'o these. views will' now 'be made ,by luse oflikeichaifaete'rs Whi'c'hiare 'employed' to designatelcorfesondirg' partsthroughout.

In' Figures.-1,; 2,13 Yand .l'is shown a` plating `tank .Ivofsiitablzcbnstruction and linedgi de- .sireel,j i orA1`1-"ro'tectiofr*againstV 'attack by the plating solution. Along twoparallel edges of' the stankatthe ,topi fare vnrlou'nted 1 setsV `ofalined JO,S21/rin'.51.25.10.11.SillDptzlffffilflg;aipaii of parallellshafts -3. ,A,.prwormsgareseallred toan'dsushandedlromacoxresizondineends.of the shafts,

.,erldao'f.y .bothilinkslare :articulated to therespectively-attaciiedaartsthe crank, 1 is rotated,

:it 'S apparentlthatithe @hafta-,areoscllated- 3 weight and resistant toplating solutions as well as to other solutions used in operationsauxiliary to the plating process, such as cleaning and rinsing, forexample. Such materials are somewhat similar to rubber in theirpliability andV chemical resistance and are availa-ble on the market assynthetic products, One such product is known in the United States andelsewhere as Koroseal and is a plasticised vinyl chloride polymer or arubber-like resin in sheet form. r1`wo parallel edges of the sheet,preferably the longer edges, are wrapped around a pair of parallel rigidstrips I2 and secured thereto in a manner that will presently bedescribed.`

The sheet II possesses excellent resistance to abrasion and ordinarilydoes not stretch materially at temperatures below 150 F. However,`

the commercial material selected may have some elasticity below 150 F.,or the temperature of the plating solution may rise above 150 F andthereby introduce more elasticity. In order to avoid stretching of thesheet II under such conditions, it is provided with an outer backing I3of a screen or woven material which is substantially inelastic andresistant to the plating solu- Y tions. VA synthetic material havingthese properties is available butV is too abrasive for direct contactwith the work. 'Thus, the combination 'of the two materials inthe mannerdescribed provides a hammock having all the necessary 1 properties forthe desired purpose. AY` suitable material for the outer screen issoldin the United States and elsewhere under the name Saran which is avinylidene chloride or polyvinylidene chloride manufactured by the DowChemical Company of Midland, Mi'chigan,U. S. A.

'IWo parallel edges of the screen I3'are folded over the edges of thesheet II yand the strips nI2, and the two materials and the enclosedstrip are fastened together by bolts I4 passed therethrough. The boltsalso secure a number of hooks I5 to the strips I2, and the hammock issuspended from the bars or rods I by means of these hooks. End` wallsAfor the hammock may be provided by means of suitably shaped pieces I6suitably fastened to the remaining edges of the sheet I I and consistingofthe same material as the sheet. The pieces I3 need not be faced withthe screen material I3 since they are not subjected directly to the4Weight of the work in .l

the hammock.

'Ihe mechanism for oscillating the shafts 3 is such that one of the barsI0 isV being raised while the other is being lowered, Y withsubstantially simultaneous reversals of direction. The result is thatone of the sides Vof the hammock is being raised while the other isYbeing lowered. The width of the hammock'remains substantially constant,and its vbottom maintains a substantially constant level. I The flexingthat occurs-in the upper edge of each piece I6 is resisted by' a cord orWire I'I on which-each such edge'is-rolled, as shown in Figure V'7. AThecord may consist of stainless steel orof the same material las thescreen I3. 'I'he central hook I5 on each side carries a ring I8permitting the hammock to be raised by a hoist andtransferred from onetank to another for the auxiliary operations as well as from the loadingstation to the first tank and' from the last tankY to ltheuunloa'dingstation. A pair of conductingbars 20' are Imounted horizontally in thetank I at opposite sides of the hammock and parallel to the shafts 3.Coils 2l are suspended betwee'nthe bars 2U and are slung beneath thehammock and intothe plating solution. The coils are of a materialresistant to the plating solution and contain balls 22 of an anodematerial as already known in the art. Y Y 5 To one of the upper edges ofthe tank I is pivotally attached, at 23, one end of an arm 24, the otherend resting on they opposite edge of the tank in such a manner that thearm24 lies parallel to the rods I0 andy substantially centrally betweenthem. Insulated cathode conductors 25 are suspended from the arm 24 intothe hammock,-as shown in Figure 4, and carry cathode contacts 26 adaptedto engage and deliver current to the Work pieces.V The cathode currentis connected'to'wthe arm 24, and the anode current to the bars 20, byany suitable means known in the'art. As an alternative to the arm 24 andthe cathode contacts suspended from it, the cathode current could bebrought to the arms 9 and the cathode contacts suspended from the rodsAI il which in this case would be conductive. When the hammock is to betransferred in the manner described, the arm 24 is raised on its pivot23 to a position that does not obstruct removal of the hammock.

Because of .the pliability of the hammock in the described substantiallyvertical motion of its sides, the vbottom of the hammock takes a formthat forces the Work pieces into a compact mass transverselyof thehammock. Consequently the work pieces are always in relatively goodelectrical contact with each other and with the cathode contacts 26. Theflow of Vcurrent through the work is enhanced, with'a correspondingimprovenent in the plating action. The linear motion of the sides rofthe hammock falso tumbles the work pieces and thus exposes themuniformly to the current and the solution, whereby each piece becomesuniformly platedY over its entire area. The tumbling action is morelvigorous than in the barrel or rigid cradle of like capacity, and forthis reason the material selected for the sheet II is one that isresistant to abrasion as well as pliant and resistant Vto theplating'solutions, as already indicated. f

YNo metal parts, except the work and the cathodes, are immersed in theplating solution. Con- Y 'sequently there is no dissolution or platingon the permanent mechanism, and considerably less repair of theapparatusis therefore required. A barrel or cradle, even if made ofwood, is reinforced with metal and theV metal coated with a chemicallyresistant material. This material eventually cracks, and exposes themetal parts to deposition or dissolution. This cannot occur with thehammock herein described. Another characteristic of the hammock isv itsrelative lightness for a given vcapacity. A hammock weighing 50 poundshas the capacity of a conventional barrel or cradle weighing about 300pounds. Y

In the'modication' shown in Figures 8 Vand 9, the tank 3B has a pair ofalined bearingsf3I at approximately the center of opposite edges. Thebearings support a'shaft 32 which yin'turn carries a pair of cross arms33 from which the plating hammock is suspended. YThus, if the shaft 32is oscillated, it will move the hammock in substantially the mannerdescribed in connection with Figures 1 to 7. Rods VScl-are securedacross the corresponding ends of the arms 33, and the hammock 35 issuspended from the rods by means of hooks in the manner alreadydescribed. u The actuating mechanism for the shaft 32 in- 7 5 cludes amotor '36 or other driver adapted to revolve an arm 31 about one of itsends. Another arm 38 is fixed to the shaft 32, and the free ends of thearms 31, 38 are joined by a link 39 articulated thereto. It is evidentfrom the two positions shown in Figure 8 that the revolving of the arm31 oscillates the shaft 32 and imparts the desired motion to the hammock35.

The Koroseal or like material constituting the body of the hammock lendsitself Well to reinforcement wherever desired and also to patching inplaces where it becomes worn or torn. This is a property of theplasticised vinyl chloride polymers and rubber-like resins. The backingmay consist of a material other than that mentioned. The essentialproperties are inelasticity and resistance to the plating solutions. ForeX- ample, a Monel metal screen or other metal screen having the statedproperties may be employed.

The body of the hammock may be a woven as well as a perforated material.Likewise the backing may be perforated if desired. The word sieve-likein the claims is intended to include either form. Chemically res'istantsignies resistance to the solution or gas to which the work -issubjected.

Although specic embodiments of the invention have been illustrated anddescribed, it will be understood that various alterations in the detailsof construction may be made without departing from the scope of theinvention as indicated by the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. An immersion apparatus comprising a pair of spaced horizontalsupports, means for imparting relative and substantially verticalreversing movement to said supports, and a sieve-like sheet suspended inU-form by opposite edges from the respective supports, end piecesbridging each of the remaining edges of said sheet, said sheetconsisting of a material that is pliant, chemically resistant toindustrial chemicals and resistant to abrasion against the work.

2. An 'immersion apparatus comprising a pair of spaced horizontalsupports, means for imparting relative and substantially verticalreversing movement to said supports, and a sieve-like sheet suspended inU-form by opposite edges from the respective supports, end piecesbridging each of the remaining edges of said sheet, said sheetconsisting of a plasticised vinyl chloride polymer.

3. An immersion apparatus comprising a pair of spaced horizontalsupports, means for imparting relative and substantially verticalreversing movement to said supports, and a sieve-like sheet suspended inU-form by opposite edges from the respective supports, end piecesbridging each of the remaining edges of said sheet, said sheetconsisting of a material that is pliant, chemically resistant toindustrial chemicals and resistant to abrasion against the work, and apliant sieve-like backing on the outer surface of said sheet, saidbacking being substantially inelastic and chemically resistant toindustrial chemicals.

4. An immersion apparatus comprising a pair of spaced horizontalsupports, means for imparting relative and substantially verticalreversing movement to said supports, and a sieve-like sheet suspended inU-form by opposite edges from the respective supports, end piecesbridging each of the remaining edges of said sheet, said sheet and endpieces consisting of a material that is pliant, chemically resistant toindustrial chemicals and resistant to abrasion against the Work.

5. An immersion apparatus comprising a pair of spaced horizontalsupports, means for imparting relative and substantially verticalreversing movement to said supports, and a sieve-like sheet suspended inU-form by opposite edges from the respective supports, end piecesbridging each of the remaining -edges of said sheet, said sheet and endpieces consisting of a material that is pliant, chemically resistant toindustrial chemicals and resistant to abrasion against the work, and apliant perforate backing on the outer vsurface of said sheet, saidbacking being substantially inelastic and chemically resistant toplating solutions.

6. An immersion apparatus comprising a tank, a pair of horizontalsupports mounted on said tank above the normal level of liquid therein,means external of the liquid-filled portion of the tank for impartingrelative and substantially vertical reversing motion to said supports,and a sieve-like hammock suspended by opposite edges from the respectivesupports, said hammock consisting of a material that is pliant,chemically resistant to industrial chemicals and resistant to abrasionagainst the Work.

7. An immersion hammock comprising a sievelike sheet bent into uprightU-form, end pieces bridging the bent edges of said sheet, means on theupper edges of the sheet for suspending the sheet, said sheet and endpieces consisting of a material that is pliant, chemically resistant toindustrial chemicals and resistant to abrasion against the work.

8. An immersion hammock comprising a sievelike sheet bent into uprightU-form, end pieces bridging the bent edges of said sheet, means on theupper edges of the sheet for suspending the sheet, said sheet and endpieces consisting of a plasticised vinyl chloride polymer.

9. An immersion hammock comprising a sievelike sheet bent into uprightU-form, end pieces bridging the bent edges of said sheet, means on theupper edges of the sheet for suspending the sheet, said sheet and endpieces consisting of a material that is pliant, chemically resistant toindustrial chemicals and resistant to abrasion against the work, and apliant sieve-like backing on the outer surface of said sheet, saidbacking being substantially inelastic and chemically resistant toindustrial chemicals.

10. An immersion hammock comprising a sheet bent into upright U-form,end pieces bridging the bent edges of said sheet, means on the upperedges of the sheet for suspending the sheet, said sheet and end piecesconsisting of a material that is pliant, chemically resistant toindustrial chemicals and resistant to abrasion against the work.

JOHN V. DAVIS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,224,191 Medgyes May 1, 19171,859,085 Haller May 17, 1932 1,880,751 Braddock et al, Oct. 4, 19322,164,710 Hatch July 4, 1939 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 10,576Great Britain May 8, 1902

